Education background
1959-1065 Bachelor of gas turbine in Dynamic mechanics department, Tsinghua University
1965-1068 Master’s Degree of gas turbine in Dynamic mechanics department, Tsinghua University
1978-1981 Master’s Degree of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
1987-1989 Visiting scholar at Virginia tech
Experience
1968-1078 Technician of Shandong Qingdao steam turbine factory, Team leader of the host design office
1978-2004 have served successively as research intern, associate professor, professor, PhD supervisor and deputy director in the Institute of engineering thermal physics, Chinese academy of sciences
2005- Professor and PhD supervisor of Tsinghua University
Concurrent Academic
1994-2003 Deputy general manager and general manager of Beijing Full three-dimensional Power Engineering Company
1999- The standing committee of the Chinese academy of engineering in energy and mining division
2000- Director of China power engineering association, standing director
2004- standing director and deputy director-general of Chinese academy of engineering thermal physics
2008- Director of the national engineering research center of Gas turbine and coal gasification combined cycle
2015- Member of China institute of electrical engineering academic committee and deputy direction of the gas turbine power generation special committee
Areas of Research Interests/ Research Projects
turbomachinery and power engineering; Research and development of domestic heavy-duty gas turbine
Research Status
Academician Jiang Hongde engaged long term in aero-thermodynamic of turbomachinery, computational fluid mechanics and its engineering design and application. He directed the research of Multistage turbine full three-dimensional aerodynamic heating design system, which had advanced theory and reliable program, system mated and complete independent intellectual property rights. He directed the development and engineering practice of the new generation of the key parts of flow passage in steam turbine, which had aft-loaded airfoil, compound bowed and twisted blade, The three dimensional flow type and low loss main steam valve. It started the mass application of full 3D design technology in modernization restructuring of our old steam turbine in electric power industry, and then promoted the upgrading of design theory and method of the steam turbine industry in our country, and then promoted the technical progress of steam turbine and electric power industry in China. Academician Jiang Hongde has published more than 140 papers at home and abroad, won the national scientific and technological progress second prize and won the provincial science and technology progress prize four times in the terms of 2D and 3D flow field’s computational prediction and analysis in turbines , Multistage turbine aerodynamic thermal design theory and the research and development of Multistage turbine aerodynamic thermal design system.
Since 2002, Academician Jiang Hongde majored in research on key technology and self-reliance of heavy duty gas turbine. He served as technical consultant in state heavy duty gas turbine binding bid group, and chief scientist in gas turbine national key basic research program(973 program). Since 2008, he has initiated and formed the national engineering research center of gas turbine and coal gasification combined cycle, and directed the research and development of domestic heavy-duty gas turbine with self-owned intellectual property. He served as deputy director of the argumentation committee of national key S&T Special Projects on aircraft engine and gas turbine since 2012.
Honors And Awards
National scientific and technological progress second prize, the Beijing municipal science and technology progress award, science and technology progress award, the Chinese academy of sciences in Heilongjiang province scientific and technological progress second prize, third prize of natural science, Chinese academy of sciences, etc.
Academic Achievement
Li W, Yang L, Ren J, et al. Effect of thermal boundary conditions and thermal conductivity on conjugate heat transfer performance in pin fin arrays[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 95: 579-592.
Li W, Ren J, Hongde J, et al. Assessment of six turbulence models for modeling and predicting narrow passage flows, part 2: Pin fin arrays[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2016, 69(5): 445-463.
Li W, Ren J, Hongde J, et al. Assessment of six turbulence models for modeling and predicting narrow passage flows, part 1: Impingement jets[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2016, 69(2): 109-127.
Li X, Ren J, Jiang H. Multi-row film cooling characteristics on a vane endwall[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 92: 23-33.
Li W, Chi Z, Kan R, et al. Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Dependency on Conjugate and Convective Thermal Boundary Conditions in Pin Fin Channel[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015: V05AT10A013-V05AT10A013.
Qin Y, Yin H, Ren J, et al. Aerodynamic Analysis of Film Cooling Jet Under Different Main Stream Pressure Gradient[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015: V05BT12A034-V05BT12A034.
Li M, Li X, Ren J, et al. Overall Cooling Effectiveness Characteristic and Influence Mechanism on an Endwall With Film Cooling and Impingement[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015: V05AT10A015-V05AT10A015.
Tan Q, Li J, Ren J, et al. Second-Order Viscous/Heat Fluxes Scheme: Hyperbolic System for RANS Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer Problem in Gas Turbine[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015: V05AT10A014-V05AT10A014.
Li X, Li M, Ren J, et al. Heat Transfer Measurements of Vane Endwall with Film Cooling and Impingement Cooling[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015: V05BT12A031-V05BT12A031.
Li X, Ren J, Jiang H. Application of algebraic anisotropic turbulence models to film cooling flows[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 91: 7-17.
Li X, Ren J, Jiang H. Film cooling effectiveness distribution of cylindrical hole injections at different locations on a vane endwall[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 90: 1-14.
Li, Yang, Jing, Ren, Hongde, Jiang, Phillip, Ligrani. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Impingement Cooling Within a Blade Leading Edge Passage[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 71(1): 57-68
Xueying, Li, Jing, Ren, Hongde, Jiang. FILM COOLING MODELING OF TURBINE BLADES USING ALGEBRAIC ANISOTROPIC TURBULENCE MODELS[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(11)
Chi, Z, Ren, J, Jiang H,D. Coupled Aero-Thermodynamics Optimization for the Cooling System of a Turbine Vane[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(5)
R, Kan, L, Guo, J, Ren, S, Huang, H, D, Jiang, Y, Y, Yan. Determining mainstream reference temperature using the non-dimensional temperature analysis in the transient liquid crystal technique[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, (72): 201-209
Chang, Han, Zhongran, Chi, Jing, Ren1 and Hongde, Jiang. Optimal Arrangement of Combined-Hole for Improving Film Cooling Effectiveness[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering A[1-45]pplications , 2014, 7(1)
Li, X. Jing, Ren, Hongde, Jiang, Algebraic anisotropic turbulence modeling of compound angled film cooling validated by particle image velocimetry and pressure sensitive paint measurements. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2013. 136(3).
Mingfei Li; Jing Ren; Hongde Jiang，Conjugate Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Highly Thermal-Loaded Film Cooling System in Hot and Multi-Composition Gas Condition. ASME Turbo Expo 2014, Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Yanmin Qin,Jing Ren,Hongde Jiang，EFFECTS OF STREAMWISE PRESSURE GRADIENT AND CONVEX CURVATURE ON FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Weihong Li, Li Yang, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang,Algebraic anisotropic eddy viscosity model for separated flows of internal cooling channels. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Li Yang, Weihong Li, Zhongran Chi, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang , Effect of Corrugated Orifice and Pin-Fin on Multiple Array Impingement Cooling with Low Nozzle to Target Distance. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Xueying Li, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang, Phantom Cooling of Nozzle Trailing Edge Discharge on Blade Surface and Platform. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Xueying Li, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang, FILM COOLING MODELING OF TURBINE BLADES USING ALGEBRAIC ANISOTROPIC TURBULENCE MODELS. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Han Chang, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde, Experimental Investigations of Sycee Film Coolng Performance on a Plate and a Tested Vane of an F-Class Gas Turbine. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Chi Zhongran, Han Chang, Li Xueying, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde. Geometrical Optimization And Experimental Validation Of A Tripod Film Cooling Hole With Asymmetric Side Holes. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Chi Zhongran, Li Xueying, Han Chang, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde. Optimization Of The Hole Exit Shaping Of Film Holes Without And With Compound Angles For Maximal Film Cooling Effectiveness. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Yin, H. Li, M., Chi, Z., Ren, J., Jiang, H.. Effect of Radiative Heat Transfer Factors on Temperature Distribution of a First Stage Vane. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Kan, R., Ren, J., Jiang, H.D. Combined Effects of Perforated Blockages and Pin Fins in a Trailing Edge Internal Cooling Duct. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Qinxue Tan Jing Ren Hongde Jiang. Prediction of 3D Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Cavity by Discontinuous Galerkin Method and Transition Model. ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Düsseldorf, Germany, June 16–20, 2014
Weihong Li , Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang. Assesment of six turbulence models for pin fin arrays of blade trailing edge. Proceedings of 5th ISJPPE. Proceedings of 5th ISJPPE:2014,Beijing,China
Zhongran Chi, Kan Rui,Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang, Experimental and Numerical Study of the Anti-Crossflows Impingement Cooling Structure, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,64: 567–580
Hong, Y., et al. Effect of inlet swirl on the model leading edge of turbine vane. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Chi, Z., J. Ren and H. Jiang. Cooling structure optimization for a rib-roughed channel in a turbine rotor blade. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Yang, L., et al. Effect of film cooling arrangement on impingement heat transfer on turbine blade leading edge. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Rui, K., et al. Effect of RIB configuration and lateral ejection on a high aspect ratio trailing edge channel. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Li, X., J. Ren and H. Jiang. Full field algebraic anisotropic eddy viscosity model for the film cooling flows. in ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11, 2012 - June 15, 2012. 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Chi, Z., et al. Multi-dimensional platform for cooling design of air-cooled turbine blades. in ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11, 2012 - June 15, 2012. 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Peng Sun, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang, Radiative models for hot gas with various H2O-CO2 ratios. in ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11, 2012 - June 15, 2012. 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Lin Li, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang. Heat transfer characteristics of a rotor-stator system with small radial outflow. in ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012, June 11, 2012 - June 15, 2012. 2012. Copenhagen, Denmark: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Wu Kang,Ren Jing,Jiang Hongde, Thermodynamics Characteristic of the Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Cavity, Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Jet Propulsion and Power Engineering,September 10-12, 2012, Xi’an, China,ISJPPE-2012- A0125
Yang Li, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Impingement Cooling with Spent Flow in the Blade Leading Edge, Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Jet Propulsion and Power Engineering,September 10-12, 2012, Xi’an, China,ISJPPE-2012- A0127
Li Xueying，RenJing，Jiang Hongde, Film Cooling Prediction on a Turbine Vane using Algebraic Anisotropic Eddy Viscosity Method, ASIAN CONGRESS ON GAS TURBINES Shanghai, P. R. China, August 20-22, 2012, ACGT2012-4075
Kan Rui ,Yang Li, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde, Rib Induced Heat Transfer Development inside a Gas Turbine Internal Cooling Channel, ASIAN CONGRESS ON GAS TURBINES Shanghai, P. R. China, August 20-22, 2012, ACGT2012-4078
Wei Chen，Jing Ren and Hongde Jiang, Effect of Turning Vane Configurations on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Ribbed Internal Cooling System, Journal of Turbomachinery. v 133, n 4, April 21, 2011
Li, X., R. Jing and H. Jiang. Algebraic anisotropic eddy-viscosity modeling for application to turbulent film cooling flows. in ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2011, June 6, 2011 - June 10, 2011. 2011. Vancouver, BC, Canada: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Peng Sun, Wenping Wan, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang. Effect of the hot gas composition on a highly thermally loaded film cooling system. in ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2011, June 6, 2011 - June 10, 2011. 2011. Vancouver, BC, Canada: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Wenping Wan, Peng Sun, Jing Ren, Hongde Jiang. Radiation Effectiveness on the Aero- and Thermodynamics in A Highly Thermally Loaded Film Cooling System. in ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2011, June 6, 2011 - June 10, 2011. 2011. Vancouver, BC, Canada: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Li, L., R. Jing and J. Hongde, Application of -Re transition model for internal cooling simulation. Heat Transfer - Asian Research, 2011. 40(1): p. 69-77.
Wang Wenping, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde,Effects of Radiative Heat Transfer on a Highly Thermal Loaded Film Cooled Plate, Proceedings of 3rd ISJPPE(2010-ISJPPE-2023), 2010.09.17-21, Nanjing, China
Li Jia, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde, Film Cooling Performance of the Embedded Holes in Trenches with Compound Angles, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010, June，14-18, Glasgow, UK. GT2010-22337
Wei Chen, Jing Ren and Hongde Jiang,Verification of RANS for analyzing convective cooling system with and without ribs,Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2009, June 8-12, 2009, USA. GT2009-59427
Tan Qinxue, Ren Jing, Jiang Hongde,Prediction of flow features in rotating cavities with axial throughflow by RANS and LES,Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2009, June 8-12, 2009, USA. GT2009-59428
Wu, K., et al., Rotor-stator rim seal analysis in one stage gas turbine Part I: Ingestion and seal. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(5): p. 873-877.
Li, X., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Turbulence modeling of film cooling with algebraic anisotropic turbulent scalar-flux correction. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(2): p. 247-251.
Han, C., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Experimental investigation of film cooling of the leading edge and pressure side of a turbine vane. Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, 2014. 54(6): p. 769-774.
Qin, Y., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Effects of streamwise pressure gradient on film cooling effectiveness. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(3): p. 461-464.
Li, M., et al., Hot temperature effects characteristic of turbine cooling in conjugate heat transfer condition. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(8): p. 1513-1516.
Wu, K., et al., Analysis and optimization of interaction between endwall flank flow and turbine rotor-stator rim seal. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014. 35(6): p. 758-765.
Chi, Z., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Heat transferring of channels with repeated ribs in turbine blades Part II: Conjugate heat transfer characteristics. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(1): p. 42-45.
Yang, L., J. Ren and H. Jiang, A modified 1D network model for double wall cooling elements. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(10): p. 1943-1946.
Li, W., et al., Algebraic anisotropic eddy viscosity model for separated flows of internal cooling channels. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014. 35(9): p. 1727-1732.
Chi, Z., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Heat transferring of channels with repeated ribs in turbine blades part1: Mechanism of flow and convective heat transfer. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(4): p. 624-627.
Li, X., et al. Algebraic anisotropic turbulence modeling of compound angled film cooling validated by PIV and PSP measurements. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Han, C., et al., Unsteady characteristic of film cooling and phantom cooling on the first stage of a gas turbine: Part 1 - Vane cascade. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(5): p. 845-848.
Li, X., et al., Characteristics of fan shaped hole film cooling. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(1): p. 55-58.
Chi, Z., J. Ren and H. Jiang. Coupled aero-thermodynamics optimization for the cooling system of a turbine vane. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Han, C., et al. Optimal arrangement of combined-hole for improving film cooling effectiveness. in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2013, June 3, 2013 - June 7, 2013. 2013. San Antonio, Tx, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Han, C., et al., Unsteady characteristic of film cooling and phantom cooling on the first stage of a gas turbine: Part 2 - Blade cascade. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(12): p. 2258-2261.
Sun, P., et al., Heat transfer characteristics of film cooling in the non-transparent gas environment. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(2): p. 249-252.
Li, X., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Influence of different turbulence models in predicting convective heat transfer in a cascade. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(6): p. 1042-1046
Li, M., et al., Heat transfer character of film cooling combined with TBCs in hot and multi-composition gas condition. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013. 34(7): p. 1251-1255.
Lin, L., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Heat transfer characteristic of rotor-stator system with small radial outflow. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(7): p. 1122-1126.
Yin, H., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Effects of inlet swirl condition on the flow and heat transfer performance of gas turbine vane. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(11): p. 1868-1871.
Chen, W., et al., Application of transient liquid crystal on internal cooling research of gas turbine airfoil. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(4): p. 665-669.
Yin, H., et al., Research on the effect of combustor outlet radiation on the film cooling heat transfer. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(2): p. 214-217.
Han, C., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Multi-parameter influence on film cooling of blade tip. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(9): p. 1501-1504.
Li, X., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Application of the anisotropic eddy-viscosity model to film cooling flows with different geometries. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012. 33(4): p. 578-582.
Li, X., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Improved eddy-viscosity modelling of film cooling flows. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011. 32(4): p. 573-576.
Sun, P., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Sequential algorithm based flexible-fuel gas turbine thermodynamic analysis. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011. 32(1): p. 29-32.
Qin, Y., et al., Prediction of the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness influenced by multi parameters based on BP neural network. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011. 32(7): p. 1127-1130.
Li, J., J. Ren and H. Jiang, Effects of density ratio and blowing ratio on the film cooling effectiveness on a turbine vane. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011. 32(8): p. 1295-1298.
Yang, L., et al., Aero-and thermodaynamic features of the flow fields in the internal cooling channels with film cooling holes. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011. 32(8): p. 1385-1388.
Li, J., et al., Film cooling performance of the embedded holes in trenches with compound angles. Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010. 31(2): p. 239-242.
